Intermittent track circuit failures are often the most frustrating to solve. Before diving deep into wiring, always start with the basics. First, check the power supply and battery voltage levels at the track circuit location. Fluctuations can often be the root cause. Secondly, inspect the physical condition of the insulated rail joints (IRJs). Debris, cracked insulation, or loose fittings are common culprits. Documenting the time of day and weather conditions when the failure occurs can also provide crucial clues, as temperature changes can affect component performance.

The key to managing overcrowding is proactive communication and crowd control. As soon as a delay is confirmed, make clear, frequent announcements across all station channels and social media. Deploy staff to manage entry points to the crowded platform, creating temporary holding areas if necessary. It is crucial to guide passengers to alternative routes or transport options if the delay is expected to be significant. Cross-training staff in crowd management techniques during regular drills is invaluable.

This is a common hardware fault, usually with the ticket dispenser mechanism. The immediate action is to put the machine out of service from the central server to prevent more passengers from losing money. Place a clear "Out of Service" sign on the machine. The logged error code in the TVM's system will tell the maintenance team if it's a jam, a sensor failure, or an empty ticket roll. The passenger's refund can be processed at the customer care counter after verifying the transaction log.

While electronic faults can happen, over 80% of door faults are caused by minor obstructions. The first thing a train operator should do is a visual inspection of the door tracks and rubber seals. Small pebbles, litter, or even a piece of a bag strap can prevent the door from locking correctly. If a visual check reveals nothing, a door reset procedure can be attempted. If the fault persists, the door should be isolated, and the coach marked for inspection at the depot. Never override a door fault without a thorough physical check.

The primary protocol is "Stop, Inform, Assist." The Train Operator must immediately inform the Operation Control Centre (OCC) with the coach number and location. The OCC will arrange for medical staff at the next station. Meanwhile, the operator should make an announcement asking if there is a doctor or medical professional on board to provide immediate assistance. It is critical not to move the passenger unless their current location is unsafe. Staff are trained in first-aid, but professional medical help should be prioritized.

Fraud detection is a data game. Our Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) system logs every transaction. I recommend running daily analytical queries to flag anomalies, such as a single card being used at distant stations in an impossibly short time (pass-back fraud) or unusual top-up patterns. For prevention, implementing a short delay for a card to be used at the same station after entry can deter pass-backs. Random checks by station staff on passengers exiting with minimum fare are also an effective, low-tech deterrent.